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Polyester yarn

by:Chengyi     2021-04-09

Polyester yarn refers to the yarn spun from polyester. Polyester is a fiber made by spinning a type of polymer. Mostly refers to the fiber produced with ethylene phthalate as the raw material. According to the English of its raw material The abbreviation of the name 'polyethylene terephthalate', and the abbreviation 'PET' fiber. It is commonly called polyester in our country. Usually the so-called 'yarn' actually refers to the collective term of 'yarn' and 'thread'. It is defined as follows in the science of clothing materials: 'Yarn' is the arrangement of many short fibers or filaments in an approximately parallel state, and along the axial direction Rotation and twisting form a slender object with a certain strength and linear density; and 'thread' is a strand formed by twisting two or more single yarns. Yarn is made of cotton, wool, hemp, chemical fiber, etc., which are stretched and twisted into thin strands (usually used as the raw material for weaving), and then twisted into multiple strands of cotton, hemp, silk, wool and other fine strands of materials Thin strands are called lines.

Polyester fiber refers to a type of fiber made by spinning a polymer that contains ester groups in the main chain. Most of the fibers are made from ethylene phthalate as the raw material. According to the English name of the raw material, 'polyethylene terephthalate' Abbreviation, referred to as 'PET' fiber. It is commonly called polyester in our country. Usually the so-called 'yarn' actually refers to the collective term of 'yarn' and 'thread'. It is defined as follows in the science of clothing materials: 'Yarn' is the arrangement of many short fibers or filaments in an approximately parallel state, and along the axial direction Rotation and twisting form a slender object with a certain strength and linear density; and 'thread' is a strand formed by twisting two or more single yarns.

Fiber has two major characteristics: one is that it is so thin that people cannot directly observe it with the naked eye, and its diameter is generally between a few microns to tens of microns or smaller; the other is that its aspect ratio is in the tens of hundreds to tens of thousands or even theoretically. The infinity is related to the type of fiber, which makes the fiber obviously show long properties in mechanics. For example, it undergoes small partial deformation when bending and twisting, and shows considerable deformation even within the elastic range when it is stretched as a whole. So simply speaking, the fiber is thin and long, that is, the diameter is so thin that it cannot be directly observed by the naked eye, and the ratio of its length to the diameter is more than tens of times.

Folded natural fiber
Natural fiber exists in nature and can be obtained directly. According to its source, it is divided into three categories: plant fiber, animal fiber and mineral fiber.

(1) Plant fiber

Plant fibers are fibers obtained from seeds, fruits, stems, leaves, etc. of plants, and are natural cellulose fibers. Fibers obtained from plant bast such as flax, jute, apocynum, etc.; fibers obtained from plant leaves such as sisal and abaca. The main chemical component of plant fiber is cellulose, so it is also called cellulose fiber.

Plant fiber includes: seed fiber, bast fiber, leaf fiber, fruit fiber.

Seed fiber: refers to the single-cell fiber grown from the epidermal cells of some plant seeds. Such as cotton and kapok.

Bast fiber: It is a single fiber or craft fiber obtained from the phloem of some plants. Such as: flax, ramie, jute, bamboo fiber.

Leaf fiber: It is a craft fiber obtained from the leaves or sheaths of some plants. Such as: sisal and abaca.

Fruit fiber: fiber obtained from the fruits of some plants. Such as: coconut fiber.

Animal fiber

Animal fibers are fibers obtained from animal hair or insect glandular secretions. Fibers obtained from animal hair include wool, rabbit hair, camel hair, goat hair, yak wool, etc.; fibers obtained from animal gland secretions include silk and so on. The main chemical component of animal fiber is protein, so it is also called protein fiber.

Animal fibers (natural protein fibers) include: hair fibers and glandular fibers.

Hair fiber: The growth of animal hair follicles is a fiber composed of keratin with a multicellular structure. Such as: sheep hair, cashmere, camel hair, rabbit hair, mohair.

Silk fibers: fibers secreted by some insect silk glands, especially those secreted by lepidopteran larvae, and fibers formed by secretions of some mollusks. Such as: silk.

Mineral fiber: It is a fiber obtained from a mineral rock with a fibrous structure. The main constituent materials are various oxides, such as silica, alumina, and magnesium oxide. The main source is various types of asbestos, such as chrysotile and blue Asbestos etc.

Folded chemical fiber
Chemical fiber is a fiber made through chemical treatment. It can be divided into man-made fibers (regenerated fibers), synthetic fibers and inorganic fibers.

Man-made fibers are also called recycled fibers.

Man-made fibers are textile fibers that are chemically processed using materials that contain natural fibers or protein fibers, such as wood, sugar cane, reed, soybean protein fiber, and other fiber raw materials that have lost the value of textile processing. The man-made fibers mainly used in textiles are: viscose fiber, acetate fiber and cupra fiber.

Regenerated fiber refers to the fiber made by highly purified slurry made of natural high polymer, such as regenerated cellulose fiber, regenerated protein fiber, regenerated starch fiber and regenerated synthetic fiber.

synthetic fiber

The chemical composition of synthetic fiber is completely different from natural fiber. It is made from substances that do not contain cellulose or protein, such as petroleum, coal, natural gas, limestone, or agricultural and sideline products. The unit is first synthesized, and then chemical synthesis and mechanical processing are used. Fibrous. Such as polyester fiber (polyester), polyamide fiber (nylon or nylon), polyvinyl alcohol fiber (vinylon), polyacrylonitrile fiber (acrylic), polypropylene fiber (polypropylene), polyvinyl chloride fiber (chlorinated fiber) and so on.

Inorganic fiber

Inorganic fiber is made of natural inorganic matter or carbon-containing polymer fiber as raw material, which is made by artificial spinning or direct carbonization. Including glass fiber, metal fiber and carbon fiber.

Different classification methods produce different names:

1) Different raw materials: pure cotton yarn, purified fiber yarn, cotton blended yarn, wool blended yarn, special-shaped yarn, etc.

2) Different spinning methods: ring spinning yarn, air spinning yarn, electrostatic spinning yarn, etc.

3) Different spinning processes: carded cotton yarn, combed yarn, peach wool yarn, etc.

4) Different twisting directions: hand twist (s twist) yarn, back hand twist (yarn z twist).

5) Different product uses: weaving yarn, knitting yarn, pile yarn, rope yarn, fishing net yarn, cord fabric yarn, etc.

Classified by yarn structure

⑴High-elastic yarn: High-elastic yarn or high-elastic textured yarn has high elasticity, but general bulkiness. Mainly used for stretch fabrics, mainly nylon high stretch yarn.

⑵ Low stretch yarn: Low stretch yarn or deformed stretch yarn has moderate stretchability and bulkiness. It is mostly used in knitted fabrics, mostly polyester low-stretch yarns.

⑶ Bulk yarn: Bulk yarn has low stretchability and high bulkiness. It is mainly used to make woolen yarn, underwear or outerwear and other fabrics that require good bulkiness. Its typical representative is acrylic bulked yarn, also called cashmere.

⑷Network silk Network silk, also known as cross-entangled silk, is formed by entanglement of part of the silk in the process of chemical fiber silk making before it is formed. This silk feels soft, bulky, and has good wool-like effects, and is mostly used for women's styles. The popular golf in recent years is also made of this silk.

Classified by yarn performance and count

Count of chemical fiber yarn: the thickness of chemical fiber yarn, expressed by the metric count 'S', a larger count indicates the fineness of the chemical fiber yarn, and a small count indicates the thickness of the chemical fiber yarn.

Fineness is used to indicate the thickness of fiber or yarn and is the most important indicator of yarn. The difference in yarn fineness not only reflects its different uses, but also to a certain extent indicates that the specifications and quality of the fibers used in spinning are different. Generally, higher quality fibers are used for spinning. Yarn fineness can be expressed by two indexes: direct index and indirect index.

⑴ Fixed-length system The fixed-length system refers to the weight of a certain length of yarn. The larger the value, the thicker the yarn. The unit of measurement includes two types: tex (Nt) and denier (Nden) [MSOffice2].

a. Special number (Nt) The special number is tex, which refers to the weight in grams of a 1000m long fiber or yarn at a given moisture regain, also known as the number. Nt=1000G/L (where L is the length of fiber or yarn in meters, and G is the weight in grams at a given moisture regain).

For single yarn, the special number can be written as '18 special', which means that when the yarn is 1000 meters long, its weight is 18 grams. The number of strands is equal to the number of single yarns multiplied by the number of strands. For example, 18X2 means that two single yarns are combined with 18 tex, and the ply fineness is 36 tex. When the yarn characteristics of the strands are different, the yarn characteristics are the sum of the individual yarn characteristics, such as 18 characteristics + 15 characteristics, and the combined characteristics of the yarn is 33 characteristics.

b. Denier (Nden) Denier is denier, which refers to the weight of a 9000m-long fiber or yarn at a given moisture regain in grams, which is also called 'fineness'. Nden=9000G/L.

Denier can be expressed as: 24 denier, 30 denier and so on. For the denier of the strand, the expression method is the same as that of the special number. Denier is generally used to express the fineness of natural fiber silk or chemical fiber filament.

(2) Fixed weight system The fixed weight system refers to the length of a certain weight of fiber or yarn. The larger the value, the thinner the yarn. The unit of measurement includes metric count (Nm) and imperial count (Ne).

a. Metric count (Nm) The metric count refers to the length of a gram of yarn (or fiber) in meters when the moisture regain is public. Nm=L/G.

The metric count can be expressed in the form of '20 public counts, 40 public counts', which means that a gram of yarn has a length of 20m or 40m. The metric count of the strand is expressed by dividing the metric count of the single yarn that makes up the strand by the number of strands, such as 26/2, 60/2, etc. If the counts of the single yarns that make up the strands are different, the metric counts of the strands are drawn by diagonal lines to indicate the counts of the single yarns side by side. For example, 21/42, the metric counts of the strands can be calculated.

Nm=1/(1/N1+1/N2+---+1/Nn)=1/(1/21+1/42)=14 public branches

The thickness of my country's wool spinning and wool-type chemical fiber pure spinning and blended yarns is still partly expressed in metric counts.

b. Inch count (Ne) The imperial count is the unit of measurement prescribed by the old national standard for the thickness of cotton yarn, which has now been replaced by special counts. It means that 1 pound (454 grams) of cotton yarn is several 840 yards (1 yard = 0.9144 meters) long. Ne=L/(GX840).

If a 1-pound yarn has 60 pieces of 840 yards long, the yarn fineness is 60 inches, which can be recorded as 60'. The expression and calculation method of the inch count of the strand are the same as the metric count. For example, 60' /3.

For example: 20S is thicker than 60S, 20S of the same weight is shorter than 60S, and 20 pieces of the same length are heavier than 60 pieces.

The metric count formula: the count is how many kilometers there are for 1kg of chemical fiber yarn. Such as: 1kg chemical fiber yarn, 18000m long is 18 yarns.

Classified by purpose

1. Weaving yarn: Weaving yarn refers to the yarn used in processing woven fabrics, which can be divided into warp yarn and weft yarn. The warp yarn used as the longitudinal yarn of the fabric has the characteristics of larger twist, higher strength and better wear resistance; the weft yarn used as the transverse yarn of the fabric has the characteristics of smaller twist, lower strength, but softness.

2. Knitting yarn: Knitting yarn is used for knitted fabrics. The yarn quality requirements are high, the twist is small, and the strength is moderate.

3. Other yarns: including sewing thread, embroidery thread, knitting thread, miscellaneous thread, etc. According to different uses, the requirements for these yarns are different.
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