Yarn is a continuous thread-like object made of various textile fibers as raw materials. It is thin and soft, and has the basic properties needed to adapt to textile processing and the use of final products. Yarn is mainly used to weave woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics and some non-woven fabrics, and a small part of them are directly in the form of thread-like textiles, such as various sewing threads, woolen threads, embroidery threads, thread ropes and other miscellaneous threads .
Yarns are classified according to the types of raw materials:
1. Pure spun yarn
Pure spun yarn is composed of the same fiber, such as pure cotton yarn, wool yarn, viscose yarn, acrylic yarn, polyester yarn, nylon yarn and so on.
2. Blended (blended) yarn
Blended or twisted yarn is a yarn composed of two or more fibers, such as polyester/cotton blended yarn, wool/polyester blended yarn, wool/acrylic blended yarn, polyester/viscose/acrylic blended yarn , Silk/cotton yarn, twisted yarn, etc. There are two kinds of short fiber blended spun short fiber yarn, called blended yarn; and a combination of two or more filament yarns (such as twisting) into a yarn, called mixed fiber yarn. The blending ratio is as follows:
Xa=Wa/W*100% where Xa is the content of a certain component fiber
Wa is the weight of the component fiber
W is the weight of the blended yarn
According to the physical properties and use characteristics of the yarn, it can be divided into seven series
Series one, short fiber yarn
Short fiber yarn is a yarn made from various short fibers through spinning process. Usually, the short fiber is first spun into a single yarn through a short fiber yarn forming system, and then several single yarns are combined and twisted to form a strand. If several strands are further combined and twisted, it becomes a double twist Strands, strands are used a lot on wool fabrics. Which form of single yarn, strand and double-twisted strand is used in the fabric must be determined according to the design requirements and use characteristics of the fabric.
Series two, continuous filament yarn (filament or silk)
1. Silk filament yarn
Using the cocoon silk on the cocoon as the raw material, the continuous filament obtained by combining multiple cocoon silks through the reeling process is called the cocoon filament yarn, because it contains sericin, commonly known as raw silk, factory silk. After merging and twisting several filaments, the yarns are formed, including those with glue and those with degumming. Silk filament is an important raw material for the silk industry and is mainly used for the processing of various silk fabrics.
2. Chemical fiber filament yarn
The chemical fiber filament yarn is assembled into yarn while the fiber is formed. It does not need to be assembled into yarn through the short fiber spinning process like chemical short fiber, and then it is woven into various types of fabrics. Compared with the former, the production efficiency is high, and although the filament yarn and the spun yarn made of the same fiber are very different in style.
The fiber-forming polymer is passed through the spinneret to form continuous filaments. The number of fibers in the filaments depends on the number of spinneret holes on the spinneret. Single-hole filament yarns are sprayed from the single-hole spinneret. (Commonly known as glass yarn), that is, single-hole yarn, which can be used to weave fabrics with a strong sense of transparency. The filament yarn made with porous spinneret is called multifilament filament yarn, or multifilament for short. After the multifilament filament yarn is twisted, the twisted filament yarn is formed, and several twisted filament yarns are combined and twisted to form a strand. Because the strand is composed of filaments, it is also called Double twisted silk thread.
Series three, strands
The yarn formed by gathering two or more single yarns by merging and twisting is called strand, or thread for short. If necessary, multiple strands can be assembled into another yarn by combining and twisting again. Such yarns are called double-twisted strands. The single yarn used to form the strand can be spun yarn or filament yarn; it can be of the same fiber material or different fiber material, and it can be the same spun yarn or different .
Series 4. Filament/spun composite yarn made from the combination of staple fiber and filament yarn
Among the composite yarns formed by bundling of short fibers and filament yarns, the typical product is core-spun yarn, which is generally composed of two different fibers. The formation of the covering can be that the filament fiber is wrapped on the short fiber yarn core. It can also be that the short fiber is wrapped on the filament yarn core, and the product made by this yarn forming method has the characteristics of each constituent fiber and can obtain a special appearance effect. For example, polyester/cotton core-spun yarns are used to weave burnt-out fabrics. When the cotton fibers in the fabric (the pattern part) covering the polyester filament yarns are acid decomposed, only the polyester yarn core skeleton (polyester fiber It has stable performance in acid solution), so it can form a strong three-dimensional pattern on the surface of the fabric; for example, if the inner core is made of elastic filament, the cotton fiber is wrapped on the outside, and the yarn is woven with such yarn. The clothes are both comfortable to the touch and full of elasticity. With the improvement of spinning technology, the method of combining short fiber and filament fiber into yarn has developed and formed a combination of filament yarn and short fiber parallel twisting, which can provide both filament yarn and spun yarn The style characteristics are suitable for taking into account the respective advantages of different fibers and different aggregate forms.
Series five, fancy yarn
The application of fancy yarn or fancy yarn is mainly for decorative effect. It usually uses short fiber yarn or filament yarn for irregular twisting and merging, so that the yarn can obtain a discontinuous and periodic pattern. . Fancy yarns are generally composed of core yarns, decorative yarns and consolidated yarns, and require special processing equipment or special techniques to be produced. Common fancy yarns mainly include: (1) Knot County, (2) Spiral Flower Thread, (3) Slub Flower Thread, (4) Terry Flower Thread, (5) Knotted Flower Thread, (6) Chenille Thread , (7) Diamond-shaped metal strands and so on. Various types of fancy yarns can form a variety of styles of products according to their raw material composition, appearance, feel and yarn thickness, etc., and are widely used in clothing, decorative fabrics and hand-knotted threads.
Series six, textured yarn
The yarn made of ordinary chemical fiber lacks bulkiness and covering performance, and it is difficult to achieve the requirements of light and flexible clothing; but chemical fiber, especially synthetic fiber, has the characteristics of adjustable and controllable structure performance, and it can get a lot of A novel product, textured yarn is that. The processing principle is to use the plasticized deformation characteristics of synthetic fibers after heating to make a highly bulky and elastic yarn.
The formed yarn has two forms, one is the spun yarn which pursues bulkiness, referred to as bulked yarn. Its characteristics are bulky, soft feel, and high compression elasticity, such as acrylic bulked spun yarn; the other is chemical fiber filament yarn that pursues stretch elasticity, referred to as stretch yarn, which acts on small loads. It can have greater elongation deformation and deformation recovery ability. According to the elastic deformation capacity of elastic yarn, it can be divided into high elastic yarn and low elastic yarn. High elastic yarn is mainly made of nylon filament. It has large elasticity and good covering performance. It is suitable for making bodysuits, sweaters and wool pants; low Stretch yarn is mainly made of polyester filament yarn, and a few are made of polypropylene, nylon and other synthetic fibers. It has a certain stretch and deformation capacity, but it is much lower than high elastic yarn. It basically provides the appearance effect of ordinary filament yarn, but It has a soft touch and can be used as ordinary clothing. In addition, there are some textured yarns (such as air textured yarns) made by other texturing methods. Most of them are used to imitate certain characteristics of natural fibers to compensate for the appearance, texture, and durability of ordinary synthetic fiber clothing. Shortcomings
